Sanduuqa gudbinta AC motor wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sida wasiir mekaaniksiyadda u dhexeeya mojara iyo waxa loo qayliyey, iskudhufashada sida noqon khaangaha ay ka saaran tahay khaangaha ay ka dhigtaan awood. Sanduuqdu waa la jiljilaa jiljilo inay goyn khaangahoodu ku jiljilmaan marka la goyn khaangaha laabka lagu darayo awoodda twist. Tusaale ahaan mojara caadiga ah ee 1,750 RPM la xidhiidha sanduuqa gudbinta oo ka leh xagga 10 ilaa 1. Maxay dhacdaa? Khaangaha soo bixiyaha ka socda hadana 175 RPM, laakiin awoodda torque-ka waxa uu kaga sii kalaansan yahay mar kaliiba. Tafatumin waa laga saaray in bulshada ay shaqeeyaan si fudud oo aan mojaruhu daaqdaan, taas oo muhiim ah mahadsanidada meeshii conveyor belt-ku yaal ama mashinka korodka lagama filnaayo awood weyn. Sanduuqaha gudbinta badankooda waxay leedahay fulsidhka dhulka helical, dhul walxaha sare, iyo nidaamka lubrikaasiyonka saxda ah. Komponenitkan ay kuwa dhammu shaqeeyeen in ay ilaaliyaan habaabka khaladka, oo ka dib mararka qaarkood waxa uu kala duwan yahay 2 ilaa 5 boqolkiiba.
Marka taajaha u baahan yahay inay ka haystaan korarka sarreeya oo leh inersia aad, ku qorsheeya waxyaabuhu waa muhiim tahay sababtooyin abaar. Taaslamaadka Ra'yska Guurkha Cadaaladda 2023, ku daritaanka geedkii guurka wuxuu kordhin kara cajiinka torque marka uu ka siiyo 400% laakiin laguna dhergata doonto jiiditaanka mojinta si toos ah 30%. Tusaale ahaan, mojin 5 HP lacag weyn oo la jaro geed guur worm wuxuu samayn karaa takhasus 150 pound-feet torque, taas oo faynaysa si xoog badan marka loo isticmaalo mixerada cadaaladda ama nidaamka liftooyinka halka mojintu caadiga ah loo direyso ma ay galfin. Guurkani ma ahan khal taas oo kaliya, laakiin wuu ka haystaa amaraha laba talaalka iyo ku xisaabaya xowsashada axial, kan aasaas ku noqonayo in fabrikadaha loo isticmaalo dhammaan nidaamka warshadaha iyo nidaamka heating ventilation air conditioning (HVAC).
Marka la iibna tirooyinka, motoorarka AC way adeegsadaan wanaagsan wixii kala duwan oo ka dhigga ku qaylinaya helical, worm, iyo noocyada planetary. Shaacadda NEMA C-face wuxuu fududeeyaa awood ugu sarreeya sababtoo ah waxuu ogolaada in lagu dhisno si toos ah iyadoo la weynayo adapters ama beddelo. Tani wuxuu saaraa arrimo xun ee la kulmay inay sameyso arimo ka dib. Nooca torque-ka loo baahan yahay wuxuu bixisa mid kamida geesaha loo isticmaalo mararka badan. Sidaas darteed marka lagu shaqeeyo shuuciyada hooska ah ee conveyor belts ee jiritaanka weyn, geesaha planetary waa maxaabiisaska aad loogu talagalay. Geesaha worm ayaa ka wada gartaa inay isku daynaysaa hawlaha hoose ee leh jiritaanka gaaban. Masruuraha akhriyeysta ayaa daqda sarrifidwa inay cusbooneysiin kartaan muuqaalka geesha iyo doortaan geesha saxsan si ay u dhammaan karaan goobaha kama jirto. Kuwanku waxay ka caawinaysaa in ay sii karaan inta lagaga bilaabo (backlash) marka la shaqeeyo, waxayna hubiysaa in walba uu dhammaado, sidaas darteed marka toosase dhulka la furmo ama dhaadhiska ay tahay arrimaha joogsan.
Gearbox-oyinka waxay sameeyaan talaalka wadarta iyo wadarta adheeda. Habka fuuska yahay sidaan: torque matoorta waa laabka motor-ka lagu dhuftay xaqiiqda gear-ka. Tusaale ahaan, xaqiiq u ah 10 ilaa 1 wuxuu korsariyaa torque-ka si toban marba tahay, laakiin uu kala saaro talaalka si aad u yaraan 10 boqolkiiba tan ka mid ah talaalka lacagta ah ee motor-ka. Sidaas darteed loo sameeyo wax muhiim ah in kalluumadda qiimaha, maxaa yeelay haddii shayga u socoto adheeda ama yar yar, alaabta way dhammaan doonaan heysta. Natiijooyinka warshadaha ka soo baxday Warbixinta Drives Sayniska Ugu Dambeysay ay sheegaysaa wax kalena: guduudka motor-ka oo dhacaya mid ka marnaba afartan ayaa dhacaya markii xaqiiqyada gear-ka lama raacayo. Waxay sheegtaan sababta manufacturer-ka ay sannad walbo uga siiyaan in ay ku dhasho hababkan si sax ah natiijada.
Kordhisiyaasha geeska kala soocida torque, laakiin waxay ka dhaqmaan qalloocidda nidaamka sabiila isku-dhafka mekaniikaal ee ku xirata awoodda. Qalloocidduna waa in la yaabbaa mid ka mid ah nooca - si toos ah 2% boqorka helical laakiin sii u weynaa 15% boqorka worm gear. Lubrikaantada fiican iyo geesaha fulka tajiyad leh ay ku caawiyaan in lagu dhaqmo qalloocida. Iyada maalgashiga ee dhacay sanadkii labaadna ee ku qoran guudaha IEEE, isbedelka muuqaalka geesaha saxda ah ay bixiya horumarka kalsoonida si toos ah 12% goobta saraynta. Badankoodna injineerada way doodiyaan in kalsada 85% kalsooni marka loo sameeyo nidaamka buuxda. Tanu waa muhiim mahmuuska HVAC oo kor saaran in habaabkoodu noqdaayo mid awoodda badan maalmahan iyo maalmahan, halka awooddu la hortago. Waayo, kuma filna in jaraarka guduubida kala soo saarid fadlan awoodda aan baahimsanaane marka barwaaqo.
Gearbox-ada AC motor waxay leedahay afur habka sarreeya, oo koontona la dhisay si gaar ah saboolka, kalsoonida, iyo hawlaha meesha:
Rabita NEMA C-face wuxuu keenaa nidaamka galgal galbeed, taasoo samaysan in la rabbiro motorna sanduuqa ciladooda. Kan caawin karaa in la keeno khaladaha isku qotoobsasho iyo jiritaanka waqtiga beddelka, taas oo muhiim ah sannada sida sabaqudda xafta iyo wasaaradda gurigga gurmadka inay sameyso sucfure degdeg ah.
Qalabka aaseysiyaalka waxaa ku jira material-limadi loo isticmaalayo. Qaylooyinka fulmis ama dhulqaad ay ka fiican tahay qaylooyinka dhax ah oo taasoo dhibaatana leh, halka aagga baraf-garoonka si xoog badan u kula saara dhaadhiska waqtiga la shaqeeyo. Beddelitaanka sayr-sayrka mineral aasaaska ah ee caadiga ah ee loo isticmaalo sayr-sayrka sintetika waxay samaysataan fursado weyn. Warbixinada maalgashiga ee sanadkii labaad waxay sheegtay in hawsha ay isticmaalaan sayr-sayrka sintetika ay u dhammaan doonaan jeer 40% si dheer, taasoo muhiim u ah magaalooyinka adag sida meelaha dhulqaadda ama meelaha badda dibedda ee dhibaatada ay sababi kartaan khalantar. Helitaanka xiloolaha saxda ah ee qaybaha waa muhiim in lagu dhaqmo shaqo sawir ah si kale haddii lagu dhaqmo muddo dheer.
Adigu markii aad tixgeli kartid nooca gearbox-ka ilaa faahfahinta shaqada, muhandisiinku ay kor u qaadayaan awoodiisa iyo inay ka hortagaan khalantarka aan baahan tahay.
Xaqiiqda xariiqtii gear reduction ratio wuxuu muujiyaa sida gearbox-ka u maareeyo khaaska leh speed iyo torque. Marka aynu eegaannaa geesaha, xagii lagaa xisaabiya in la iskaga qoro dhirta geesaha input iyo output. Tusaale ahaan 10:1 ratio, shafka input waa inay weydiiyaan 10 jeer si ay iman karto jerada mar yar ah oo buuxda geeska output. Maxaa dhacaya soo socda? Xagga weyn wuxuu dhufaa torque-ka, laakiin kuwaas waxba ka gudbaynaysa xawaarinta. Qaar ka mid ah tijaabooyinku muujinaysaa in 10:1 xagga, motoorka ka saaran yahay karis 90% ka dib marka loo eego nooc-guddoonka asalka ah, halkaase torque-ka si toos ah u dhashaa karis 9.5, marka loo qabto in kala duwanaanshaha nidaamka waa 95%. Tallaabaddan hubiyaa in motooradu ku tiigsato meelaha ugu wanaagsan RPM-kooda, haddaba inta ay u baahan yihiin inay daawasho koridhigga caabuqa.
Isticmaal foomkan si aad u hesho qiimaha:
Ku qabsi motar 1000 RPM uu saamaysan yahay torque 2 Nm la xidhiidha kutub 10:1. Maxaa dhacaya? Dalagga ka sii socda ku dhaabacdo ilaa 100 RPM laakiin torque wuxuu kala korodhacaa ilaa 19 Nm oo dalagga soo sarreeya. Hadda marka loo eego nooca kutub, kutub heelix waxa uu aadna u fiican tahay 92% ilaa 98%, hase yeeshee kutub worm waxa ay ka hooseeya 50% ilaa 90%. Tafatifta kan muujinayaa in kharashada iyo nooc-kutub kama maalin doorto nooc-kutub iyo khayraadka waa muhiim ah si aad ugu fudud gudaha. Fiicaninta ma aha mid walba keliya oo fiican. Sidaas darteed alaabta mararka qaarkood buugdona coranta sida conveyor belts ama jiritaanka iyo dib-u-eegista hawada, iskudhafka yar-yar ee fiicaninta waxa uu samaysaa ka bixinta weyn muddo dheer oo billakha elektrik.
Qaybaha xasilinta AC waxa ay leedahay jirta muhiim ah oo ka dhacday qaybaha kala duwan. Qofka la socda bandhigga soo saarka, kuwaas waxa ay kuu dhaqaaqaysaa in la guurayo habaabka aadna ah oo ka shaqeeya ilaa 20 ton, sidoo kale intii ay ilaaliya shiilada iyadoo si toos ah ka hooseeya 50 rpm. Qaybta daabiciyada wuxuu fiican helical gearboxes sababtoo ah wuxuu bixiyaa heysiga weyn ee muddo kamid ah 0.1 mm, taas oo ah muhiim ahaan loo baahan yahay marka la tixgeliyo iyo marka loo buuxiyo si sax ah. Boga HVAC, parallel shaft gearboxes waxa ay caawiyaan in lagu dhisno shiilada fans, taas oo dhexeeya in lagu badalo 15 ilaa 30% ka badan hawlaha aan la isticmaalin gear. Wodkasta mid oo ku tiirsan qaybaha sanaafadda waxa ay u baahan tahay gearbox-aha oo kama maalineysan inay ka sii jirto 10,000 saa kusku dul saar kasta naagud ama ka gurguur.
Dooro tacsiiska saxda ah wuxuu ku saabsan tijaabooyin saddex aqoonsan:
Isku-darista meelaha tacsiiska leh talooyinka shaqada ayaa muuqata uga adkeegsiiya—fulsidhka la xidhiyey gacanta gaarka ah ee leh torque weyn (>500 Nm) iyo isku-kululka bronze ee leh shaqo xoog leh nadiif ah hawadaha midna haatan sida hospitaalka. Haddan hubi in lagu raacayo standarddaha ISO 9001 ama AGMA 2004 si aad u hubto inay la shaqeeyaan iyo inay tahay midhaad farshaxan.
Xog BigaagHakimka Waa Ku Bixiyay © 2025 Changwei Transmission (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd — Siyasetka Fararida
EN
